Paint 3D includes eight distinct brush types, each producing different stroke textures and effects. This guide covers every brush with side-by-side comparisons, plus the supporting tools you need for color selection, fills, shape drawing, and lines. All brushes work on both the 2D canvas and 3D object surfaces. Paint 3D was discontinued by Microsoft in November 2024, but remains functional on existing Windows installations.

All 8 Brush Types Explained

Access brushes by clicking the Brushes tab in the top toolbar. The right-side panel displays all eight options. Select one, then adjust thickness, opacity, and color before drawing.

1. Marker

The Marker produces bold, opaque strokes with solid coverage and consistent edges. It behaves like a thick felt-tip marker: no texture variation, no transparency unless you lower the opacity slider manually. This is the default go-to brush for clear, visible lines and fills. Works well for outlines, bold text, and high-contrast artwork.

2. Calligraphy Pen

The Calligraphy Pen creates variable-width strokes that respond to stroke direction. Horizontal strokes appear thinner while vertical and diagonal strokes appear wider, mimicking the effect of a flat-nibbed calligraphy pen. This brush does not require a pressure-sensitive tablet. The width variation comes from the angle of your stroke relative to the virtual nib orientation. Best for lettering, decorative headings, and stylized signatures.

3. Oil Brush

The Oil Brush produces textured strokes that simulate oil paint on canvas. Strokes have visible bristle marks, slight color variation within each stroke, and a blendable quality where overlapping strokes mix at their edges. Higher opacity settings produce thicker, more opaque paint. Lower settings allow colors beneath to show through. Best for painterly illustrations, landscape backgrounds, and textured art pieces.

4. Watercolor

The Watercolor brush creates semi-transparent washes with soft, blended edges. Each stroke layers transparently over previous strokes and the canvas color, building up saturation with multiple passes. The edges feather outward slightly, creating the characteristic bleeding effect of watercolor on paper. Best for gradient washes, soft backgrounds, and naturalistic shading.

5. Pixel Pen

The Pixel Pen draws hard-edged, aliased strokes with no anti-aliasing or smoothing. At small thickness settings (1-5px), individual pixels are clearly visible, producing the blocky, retro aesthetic of pixel art. At larger sizes, the brush still maintains hard edges with no feathering. Best for pixel art, retro game sprites, icons, and any work requiring precise, crisp pixel boundaries.

6. Pencil

The Pencil creates light, fine strokes that simulate graphite on paper. Strokes are semi-transparent by default, with a slight grain texture. Building up multiple passes in the same area darkens the tone gradually, similar to pencil shading techniques like hatching and cross-hatching. Best for sketching, drafting, preliminary drawing, and detailed line work.

7. Spray Can

The Spray Can produces a soft, diffused spray pattern that simulates an airbrush or aerosol spray paint. The center of the spray is more opaque, and density falls off toward the edges. Holding the mouse in one spot builds up paint gradually. Moving quickly creates lighter coverage. Best for soft gradients, shading, graffiti effects, and blending color transitions.

8. Eraser

The Eraser removes brush strokes and reveals the canvas color (white by default, or transparent if the transparent canvas option is enabled in the Canvas tab). The eraser size follows the thickness slider. It only affects painted strokes on the current layer and does not erase 3D objects, stickers, or text. To remove those elements, select and delete them instead.

Brush Comparison Table

Brush Opacity Texture Edge Type Best For
Marker Fully opaque Smooth, flat Sharp Outlines, bold fills
Calligraphy Pen Fully opaque Smooth Variable width Lettering, decorative strokes
Oil Brush Opaque to semi Bristle marks Textured Painterly illustration
Watercolor Semi-transparent Wash, bleed Soft, feathered Washes, soft shading
Pixel Pen Fully opaque None (aliased) Hard pixel Pixel art, retro sprites
Pencil Light, buildable Grain Fine Sketching, drafting
Spray Can Buildable spray Diffused dots Soft gradient Airbrushing, gradients
Eraser N/A None Matches size Removing strokes

Opacity, Thickness, and Color Picker

Three controls apply to every brush type and appear in the right-side panel whenever the Brushes tab is active.

Thickness Slider

Adjusts stroke width from 1 pixel to 100 pixels. Drag the slider or click a specific point on the bar. Smaller values produce fine detail lines; larger values cover broad areas quickly.

Opacity Slider

Controls how transparent each stroke is, from fully opaque (100%) to nearly invisible (1%). Lower opacity values allow previously painted colors and the canvas background to show through each new stroke. This is especially useful with the Watercolor and Spray Can brushes for building up gradual color layers.

Color Picker

Click the color swatch in the right panel to open the color picker. Three selection methods are available:

  • Preset palette: Click any of the standard color swatches arranged in a grid.
  • Custom color: Click inside the color gradient square to pick a hue and saturation, then adjust the vertical brightness slider. You can also type a specific hex value (e.g., #2C3E50) directly into the hex input field for precise color matching.
  • Eyedropper: Click the eyedropper icon, then click anywhere on the canvas to sample that pixel’s exact color. This is useful for matching existing colors in an imported image or maintaining color consistency across brush strokes.

Fill (Bucket) Tool

The Fill tool floods an enclosed area with a solid color. It is located in the Brushes panel alongside the eight brush types.

  1. Click the Brushes tab in the top toolbar.
  2. Select the Fill tool (bucket icon) from the right-side panel.
  3. Choose your fill color from the color picker.
  4. Click inside any enclosed region on the canvas. The tool fills all connected pixels of the same color up to the boundary edges.

If the region is not fully enclosed (there is a gap in the boundary), the fill color will leak through the gap and flood adjacent areas. Zoom in and check for small gaps in your outlines before using Fill on detailed drawings.

2D Shape Tools

The 2D Shapes tab (separate from Brushes) provides predefined flat geometric shapes that snap to the canvas.

  1. Click the 2D Shapes tab in the top toolbar.
  2. Select a shape from the right panel: circle, square, rounded rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, star, heart, arrow, or others.
  3. Click and drag on the canvas to draw the shape. Hold Shift while dragging to constrain proportions (perfect circle, perfect square).
  4. Before clicking elsewhere, adjust the shape properties in the right panel: Fill (solid color, none), Outline color, and Line thickness.
  5. Click outside the shape to finalize it. Once placed, it merges with the canvas and cannot be independently moved without using Select or Magic Select.

Line Tool

The Line tool draws straight lines between two points. It appears among the 2D shapes as a line segment option.

  1. Click the 2D Shapes tab, then select the Line option.
  2. Set line color and thickness in the right panel.
  3. Click on the canvas to set the start point, drag to the end point, and release.
  4. Before finalizing, you can drag either endpoint to adjust the line’s angle and length.

Brushes and Drawing Tools: Common Questions

Which brush is best for pixel art?
The Pixel Pen. Set the thickness to 1-5 pixels for individual pixel placement. It produces hard-edged, aliased strokes with no anti-aliasing, which is what pixel art requires. Every other brush in Paint 3D applies some degree of smoothing or texture that blurs pixel boundaries.
Can I use a graphics tablet with Paint 3D brushes?
Paint 3D accepts input from Wacom, Huion, and other graphics tablets, but brush strokes do not respond to pen pressure. Stroke width and opacity remain constant regardless of pressure applied. The Calligraphy Pen varies width based on stroke direction, not pen pressure.
How do I match a color from an existing image?
Use the eyedropper tool inside the color picker. Click the eyedropper icon, then click on any pixel in your canvas or imported image. The color picker automatically updates to that pixel’s exact color value, including the hex code.